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Part Six
Essays, letters, etc. written in Woman and the War
You have asked me what I think of the feminist movement and what will be the consequences of the present war for it. One of the first effects of the war has certainly been to give quite a new aspect to the question. The futility of the perpetual oppositions between men and women was at once made clearly apparent, and behind the conflict of the sexes, only relating to exterior facts, the gravity of the circumstances allowed the discovery of the always existent, if not always outwardly manifested fact, of the real collaboration, of the true union of these two complementary halves of humanity. Many men were surprised to see how easily women could replace them in most of the posts they occupied before, and to their surprise was added something of regret not to have found sooner a real partner of their work and their struggles in her whom more often they had only considered as an object of pleasure and distraction, or at best as the guardian of their hearth and mother of their children. Certainly woman is that and to be it well requires exceptional qualities, but she is not only that, as the present circumstances have amply proved. In going to tend the wounded in the most difficult material conditions, actually under the enemy's fire, the so-called weak sex has proved that its physical energy and power of endurance were equal to those of man. But where, above all, women have given proof of exceptional gifts is in their organising faculties. These faculties of administration were recognised in them long ago by the Brahmanic India of before the Mohammedan conquest. There is a popular adage there which says: “Property governed by woman means prosperous property.” But in the Occident Semitic thought allied to Roman legislation has... influenced customs too deeply for women to have the opportunity of showing their capacity for organisation. Page - 143 It
is true that in A few months after the outbreak of the war, when the Germans had almost entirely occupied the Belgian territory, the inhabitants of the invaded regions were in indescribable misery. Fortunately, thanks to the initiative of several rich American men and women, a Society was founded to supply the most urgent needs of the sorely tried populations. As the result of certain military operations a fairly large group of small villages were suddenly deprived of all food. Famine was imminent. The American Society sent a message to some similar English Societies asking that five vans of the most indispensable supplies should be dispatched immediately. These vans must reach their destination in three days. The men to whom this request was addressed replied that it was quite impossible to comply with it. Luckily a woman heard of the matter. It seemed terrible to her that in such tragic circumstances one could use the word “impossible”. She belonged to a group of women who aided the wounded and sufferers of the war. Immediately they promised the American Society they would satisfy it and in three days the numerous obstacles were overcome though some of the difficulties, especially those concerning transport, seemed truly unsurmountable. A powerful organising mind, an ardent will, had done the miracle: the provisions arrived in time and the dreadful misery of famine was thus avoided. This is not to say that only woman's exceptional qualities have been revealed by the present war. Her weaknesses, her Page - 144 faults, her pettiness have also been given the opportunity of display, and certainly if women wish to take the place they claim in the governing of nations they must progress much further in the mastery of self, the broadening of ideas and points of view, in intellectual suppleness and oblivion of their sentimental preferences in order to become worthy of the management of public affairs. It is certain that purely masculine politics have given proof of incapacity; they have foundered too often in their search of strictly personal interest, and in their arbitrary and violent action. Doubtless women's politics would bring about a tendency to disinterestedness and more humanitarian solutions. But unfortunately, in their present state, women in general are creatures of passion and enthusiastic partisanship; they lack the reasoning calm that purely intellectual activity gives; the latter is undoubtedly dangerous because hard and cold and pitiless, nevertheless it is unquestionably useful to master the overflow of sentiment which cannot hold a predominant place in the ruling of collective interests. These faults which would be serious if the activity of women had to replace that of men, could form, on the contrary, by a collaboration of the two sexes, an element of compensation for the opposite faults of men. That would be the best means of leading them gradually to mutual perfecting. To reduce the woman's part to solely interior and domestic occupations, and the man's part to exclusively exterior and social occupations, thus separating what should be united, would be to perpetuate the present sad state of things, from which both are equally suffering. It is in front of the highest duties and heaviest responsibilities that their respective qualities must unite in a close and confident solidarity. Is it not time that this hostile attitude of the two sexes facing one another as irreconcilable adversaries should cease? A severe, a painful lesson is being given to the nations. On the ruins piled up now, new constructions more beautiful and more harmonious Page - 145 can be erected. It is no longer the moment for frail competitions and self-interested claims; all human beings, men or women, must associate in a common effort to become conscious of the highest ideal which asks to be realised and to work ardently for its realisation. The question to be solved, the real question is then not only that of a better utilisation of their outer activities, but above all that of an inner spiritual growth. Without inner progress there is no possible outer progress. Thus the problem of feminism, as all the
problems of the world, comes back to a spiritual problem. For the spiritual
reality is at the basis of all others; the divine world, the Dhammata of Buddhism, is the eternal foundation on which
are built all the other worlds. In regard to this Supreme Reality all are
equal, men and women, in rights and in duties; the only distinction which can
exist in this domain being based on the sincerity and ardour of aspiration, on
the constancy of the will. And it is in the recognition of this fundamental
spiritual equality that can be found the only serious and lasting solution for
this problem of the relation of the sexes. It is in this light that it must be
placed, it is at this height that must be sought the focus of action and new
life, around which will be constructed the future
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Let us first take for granted that pride and impudence are always ridiculous: only stupid and ignorant people are arrogant. As soon as a human being is sufficiently enlightened to have a contact, however slight, with the all-pervading mystery of the universe, he becomes necessarily humble. Woman, by the very fact of her passivity, having more easily than man the intuition of the Supreme Power at work in the world, is more often, more naturally humble. But to base the fact of this humility on need is erroneous. Woman needs man not more than man needs woman; or rather, more exactly, man and woman have an equal need of one another. Even in the mere material domain, there are as many men who depend materially upon women as there are women who depend upon men. If humility were a result of that dependency, then, in the first case, the men ought to be humble and the women to have the authority. Besides, to say that women should be humble because it is thus that they please men, is also erroneous. It would lead one to think that woman has been put on earth only for the purpose of giving pleasure to man – which is absurd. All the universe has been created to express the Divine Power, and human beings, men or women, have for special mission to become conscious of and to manifest that Eternal Divine Essence. Such is their object and none other. And if they knew and remembered that more often, men and women would cease to think of petty quarrels about priority or authority; they would not see a greater mark of respect in the fact of being served than of serving, for all would consider themselves equally as servitors of the Divine, and would make it their honour to serve ever more and ever better. Page - 147
You ask me for my impressions about In
most cases foreigners come in touch with that part of the Japanese people which
has been spoiled by foreigners, – a Japan of money-makers and imitators of the
West; obviously they have proved very clever imitators, and you can easily find
here a great many of those things which make the West hateful. If we judge That energy is one of the most interesting
features of Page - 148 are gathered in a narrow island. But
if you have – as we have had – the privilege of coming in contact with the true
Japanese, those who kept untouched the righteousness and bravery of the ancient
Samurai, then you can understand what in truth is This is specifically Japanese; among the nations of the world, the true Japanese – those who have not become westernized – are perhaps the least selfish. And this unselfishness is not the privilege of the well-educated, the learned or the religious people; in all social ranks you may find it. For here, with the exception of some popular and exceedingly pretty festivals, religion is not a rite or a cult, it is a daily life of abnegation, obedience, self-sacrifice. The
Japanese are taught from their infancy that life is duty and not pleasure. They
accept that duty – so often hard and painful – with passive submission. They
are not tormented by the idea of making themselves happy. It gives to the life
of the whole country a very remarkable self-constraint, but no joyful and free
expansion; it creates an atmosphere of tension and effort, of mental and
nervous strain, not of spiritual peace like that which can be felt in Page - 149 Japan can be compared to the pure divine
atmosphere which pervades India and makes of her such a unique and precious
country; not even in the temples and the sacred monasteries always so wonderfully
situated, sometimes on the summit of a high mountain covered with huge cedar
trees, difficult to reach, far from the world below...Exterior calm, rest and
silence are there, but not that blissful sense of the infinite which comes from
a living nearness to the Unique. True, here all speaks to the eyes and mind of
unity – unity of God with man, unity of man with Nature, unity of man with man.
But this unity is very little felt and lived. Certainly the Japanese have a
highly developed sense of generous hospitality, reciprocal help, mutual
support; but in their feelings, their thoughts, their actions in general, they
are among the most individualist, the most separatist people. For them the form
is predominant, the form is attractive. It is suggestive too, it speaks of some
deeper harmony or truth, of some law of nature or life. Each form, each act is
symbolical, from the arrangement of the gardens and the houses to the famous
tea ceremony. And sometimes in a very simple and usual thing you discover a
symbol, deep, elaborated, willed, that most of the people know and understand;
but it is an exterior and learnt knowledge – a tradition, it is not living
truth coming from the depth of spiritual experience, enlightening heart and
mind.
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In my last letter¹ I spoke of the sense of duty which gave to the Japanese people a great self-constraint, but no joyful and free expansion. I must make an exception to this rule and this exception is in favour of the children. We
could quite well call In the streets you see hundreds of children, in their charming bright “kimono”,² playing freely, in spite of the “kuruma”³ and the bicycles, at the most inventive and picturesque games, pleased with little, singing and laughing. When older, but still very young, you may see them in the tram cars, dressed with foreign clothes, the student cap on the
¹
I.e.”Impressions
of ² Traditional wide-sleeved gown ³ A word applied to many vehicles, here probably a carriage or a rickshaw Page - 151 head, the knapsack on the back, proud of
their importance, still prouder at the idea of all they are learning and will
learn. For they love their studies and are the most earnest students. They
never miss an opportunity of adding something to their growing knowledge; and
when the work for the school leaves them some liberty they occupy it in reading
books. The young Japanese seem to have a real passion for books. In
They are, as a rule, very anxious to learn foreign languages and when they come to meet foreigners, though they are in general very timid, they make use of that acquaintance as much as they can to…¹
A country where such are the children and so they are treated is a country still ascending the steps of progress and of mastery.
¹ This sentence was left incomplete. Page - 152 |
